Transmission system
The transmission system in a vehicle is
essential for disconnecting the engine from the road wheels and managing
variable speeds. While the engine runs consistently, the transmission adjusts
energy output to suit different speeds. It also converts the high-speed, low-torque
output from the engine into the lower-speed and higher torque needed for smooth
operation through the drivetrain. Crucially, it allows wheels to rotate at
different speeds during turns, ensuring stable and controlled handling.
Manual Vs Automatic Transmission
When comparing manual
and automatic transmissions, each has distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Manual transmissions often come with a lower initial cost and are less
expensive to service. Enthusiasts appreciate the control and engagement that
manual shifting provides, along with better fuel efficiency and quicker
acceleration, qualities that attract race car and performance drivers. However,
they require a learning curve, as drivers must master the coordination of the
clutch, gas, and shifting, which can be cumbersome in stop-and-go traffic and
is less common in the market.
Manual Transmission
On the other hand,
automatic transmissions offer ease of use, contribute to less stress during
driving, and are highly favored in congested traffic conditions. They are great
for beginners, more widely available, and tend to have higher resale values. The
drawbacks include a higher purchase price, more expensive repairs, and
traditionally lower fuel efficiency compared to manuals, although technological
advancements are narrowing this efficiency gap.
Automatic Transmission
Automated
Manual transmission
Automated Manual
Transmissions (AMT) are mechanically akin to manual transmissions, but they
utilize sensors and actuators to automate clutch functions and gear shifts.
Electromagnetic actuators, mounted directly on the transmission, manage gear
selection and engagement with precision, effectively eliminating the need for a
clutch pedal. The advantages of AMTs are noteworthy; they improve fuel
efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, feature a lighter gearbox that's
well-suited for electric vehicles, offer enhanced precision with lower fault
rates, and are more suitable for heavy-duty applications, making them an
increasingly popular choice in modern automotive design.
Cut out illustration of defining components of
Isuzu’s automated manual transmission.
Designing a solenoid actuator for an AMT
Designing a solenoid
actuator for an AMT presents a set of demanding challenges that require
sophisticated engineering solutions. The actuator must achieve a high force
density, with capabilities of up to 500N, coupled with rapid actuation times of
around 0.3 seconds, ensuring immediate response to force generation commands.
Moreover, it is essential to produce this high force at a relatively low
operating voltage of 33V, which necessitates an advanced design to maintain
high efficiency with minimal losses. Additionally, the system must be designed
to manage heat effectively to prevent performance degradation, ensuring
consistent operation under varying driving conditions and prolonging the
actuator's lifespan.